The UNSC then adopted the Resolution 138, which re stated the capture as “a violation of the sovereignty of the Argentine Republic”. In June 960, angered by this operation, Argentina requested to call for an urgent meeting of UNSC as “the incident had violated their sovereignty”. He was found guilty and was later sentenced to death.
Mossad Agents captured him and he was deported to Israel, where he faced a trial on many criminal charges: war crimes and crimes against humanity were some few. He worked in a Mercedes Benz factory till 1960. The objective of this operation was to eliminate the lone wolf Osama Bin-Laden, head of the terrorist organization Al Qaeda.Īfter the war, he escaped to Argentina. This was a joint CIA – US Navy SEAL’s operation. Operation Neptune Spear was carried out by the permission of President Barack Obama. He was the man responsible for handling the mass deportation of Jews to concentration camps in Europe. Mussolini received a hero’s welcome at Hotel Imperial in Austria.Īs the operation was conducted before the birth of the United Nations and during a time of war international attention wasn’t recorded on the issue.Īdolf Eichmann, the perpetrator behind the “Final solution” was a German member of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi).
Skorzeny along with the Luftwaffe paratroopers crashed their gliders in the mountains, before rescuing the primer without a single fired shot. Otto then intercepted a coded message by the Italians mentioning the whereabouts of Mussolini. Otto Skorzeny, a highly trained German Para commando, was personally selected by Hitler to carry out a covert rescue mission. He was imprisoned at the Campo Imperatore Hotel in Italy’s Gran Sasso. The then premier of Italy, Mussolini was arrested and imprisoned by then King Emmanuel of Italy. The example does not contain exact details of the operations as they were classified anonymity was maintained even years after it was conducted.Īfter the invasion of Allied forces in Sicily, Italian government collapsed. With the help of few examples of covert operation conducted by nations we will understand the topic better. The fact that “Covert operations are illegal” if conducted in a target nation is itself controversial in nature.
However, these armed UAVs have mostly been used in strike operations. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are very helpful when it comes to reconnaissance. With the advancements in technology, nations have now better ways to conduct cover operations. Although many governments spy on their allies and enemies, maintaining a policy of complete anonymity on this. Sometimes these operations are conducted in support of allies and friends to ensure support in controversial part of the foreign policy. It also involves influencing government officials, election results, economic results and civic communities.Ĭovert operations are used in those situations where conducting an open operation will backfire and at most attract major attention, rather criticism from the general public and leaders worldwide. Political action involves supporting and influencing a particular party or the leader of the party of a target nation. Paramilitary operations involve training, equipping and supporting Special Forces operatives in target countries. Propaganda is to deliver a specific message or viewpoint to the general public. Through this column, let us understand the effects of covert and clandestine operations on international security.Ĭovert action can be broadly classified into three: propaganda, paramilitary operations, and political action. However in special occasions, an operation can be both covert and clandestine in nature. Covert operations are used in those situations where conducting an open operation will backfire and at most attract major attention, rather criticism from the general public and leaders worldwide.Ĭlandestine Operation – A clandestine operation is defined as an armed services, intelligence or law enforcement operation which is carried out in a manner that it goes unnoticed.